Scam basics
Landline telephone scams can be avoided by screening calls if you have an answering machine, or getting a call blocker telephone. By call screening, I have not had one scam call for many years. A withheld number caller has never left a message!
Due to scammers using telephone number creating software, they can display any number they wish on your phone.
Never click a link in a text message unless you are sure who it is from and why you would have it sent to you. If in doubt, check by contacting the sender directly.
Emails: Check the sender's address and do not click any links unless you are expecting the email to verify the opening of a new on line service/account for example.